July 23, 2026
In 1992, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the political philosopher Francis Fukuyama wrote a highly influential book, The End of History and The Last Man. He claimed that “what we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period of postwar history, but [...]July 23, 2026
In Part 1 we saw the biography of this extraordinary but forgotten figure of Roman history. This article concludes with an examination of Julian’s philosophical ideas and inner life. A soul incapable of feeling fear Julian followed the great philosophical ideas under the guidance of his teachers, with a particular focus on ethical ideas. These [...]July 23, 2026
The dust of oblivion has erased the memory of one of the greatest figures in European history, whose ideas and work left a profound mark on the world: the Roman Emperor Julian, named ‘the Apostate’ by the Christians to whom his memory was anathema. By the 4th century AD, Rome had almost completely exhausted its [...]March 28, 2026
I have always been fascinated by the tradition of sacred masonry, which throughout the ages has left us many remarkable and inspiring buildings. I am thinking especially of those medieval builders who assumed the role of architect-priests, carrying on an ancient tradition that goes back to Imhotep himself (circa 2700 BCE) – the famous priest, [...]March 28, 2026
It seems that respect for authority is declining in many parts of the world. In 2001 half of all Americans said that they trusted the government to do what is right always or most of the time. In 2023, only 16% said the same. Hardly a day passes by without news about some abuse of [...]March 28, 2026
I will never forget a very well-educated friend of mine who once said, with a hint of contempt in his voice, that the Egyptians didn’t have philosophy. He claimed they weren’t worth studying, and this is a view I have heard more than once – that Western civilization was born entirely of Greek and Roman [...]February 28, 2026
Ancient Egypt remains a place of wonder and mystery, from the beautiful temple complexes to the impressive pyramids that have survived the test of time. One could spend years studying the great pyramids of the Giza plateau and observe the amazing achievements of the ancient Egyptians. But in this article, I want to focus on [...]February 28, 2026
Bringing up children has never been an easy task, and maybe it is even more difficult today. Previous generations had at least the benefit of a common set of values and a general consensus as to how to bring up children. But most parents are nowadays bombarded with conflicting advice from experts, books, blogs and [...]February 28, 2026
Sport is not only formative for individuals, but is also a social and global concept which includes the responsibility for human development through everyday activities. In fact, some of the greatest ancient philosophers recognized the importance of developing a harmoniously balanced personality where physical education and sport played a significant role. In the West, Socrates, [...]January 15, 2026
Today, graffiti is an integral part of life in big cities. It is regarded as vandalism by some, while others think of it as a form of street art, a visual expression. Famous graffiti such as the works of Banksy that go viral quickly and can attract many viewers and visitors, often have deeper meanings, [...]January 15, 2026
The origins of the Etruscans – along with their sacred knowledge, language, and traditions – remain, in part, veiled in mystery. Even in antiquity, people wondered where this enigmatic civilization came from. Herodotus, for example, claimed that during a time of severe famine, the people of ancient Lydia migrated to the fertile lands of the [...]